The court observes that the sale of smaller pieces of land can be taken as an example for determining compensation in case of land acquisition. The Court referred to the case of Mehrawal Khewaji Trust v. State of Punjab (2012) to reason that since the person whose land is acquired is entitled to receive the highest value of compensation based on the value fetched by the similar pieces of land adjacent to the acquired land, therefore, there would not be a legal impediment to take into consideration the sale value of the smaller pieces of land. Reference was drawn to the case of Sh. Himmat Singh v. State of M.P. (2013) where the court opined that when there exist multiple sale deeds then the courts should rely on the highest valued exemplars.
The Supreme Court criticised the State of Himachal Pradesh for failing to ensure the timely payment of additional compensation of Rs. 3,05,31,095 awarded to landowners for land acquired in 2008 for a cement project run by JAL(M/s Jaiprakash Associates Limited).
The Supreme Court took a significant step to protect private property from arbitrary state takeover for a “public purpose”, holding that compulsory acquisition without following mandatory procedures followed by a grant of compensation to the owners will not make the accession constitutional. The judgement noted that though the 44th Constitutional Amendment omitted the right to property as a fundamental right, Article 300A, which was simultaneously inserted into the Constitution, provided that “no person shall be deprived of his property, save by authority of law”.
A person’s rights, even the history of liberty, have been safeguarded through the prescription and observance of mandatory procedures and processes of law. Procedure is an integral part of the ‘authority of law’ in Article 300A. The phrase ‘authority of law’ in the Article should not be understood as merely the power of eminent domain vested in the state. The requirement of a ‘law’ in Article 300A does not end with the mere presence of a legislation which empowers the state to deprive a person of his property, Justice Narasimha clarified.
The Bombay High Court held that in absence of any agreement with the development authority, the land can be acquired only under Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (RFCTLARR Act) for the implementation of the regional plan of construction. The Court held thus in a writ petition filed by a Church seeking direction to the authorities to follow due process of law in taking over its land by following the provisions of RFCTLARR Act.
The Uttar Pradesh government is aggressively acquiring land for the Amritsar-Kolkata Industrial Corridor (AKIC) to make the state a key investment destination. AKIC, which comprises two nodes at Agra and Prayagraj districts, will span across 20 cities in seven states like Punjab, Haryana, UP, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. The corridor encompasses one of the most densely populated regions in the world and supports nearly 40 per cent of India’s population inhabiting comparatively economically weaker districts.
Farmers in Eteda village confront GNIDA officials during an anti-encroachment drive. A farmer and a GNIDA official were injured. The drive aimed to reclaim 1.7 hectares of land acquired 15 years ago.
The Delhi government had initiated the land acquisition process under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, for the planned development of the national capital. The beneficiaries of such acquisition processes were various state entities such as the DDA, DSIIDC and the DMRC, who needed land for different projects like housing schemes, industrial areas, flyovers and Delhi Metro. After hearing arguments on a batch of hundreds of petitions, a bench passed the verdict setting aside a Delhi High Court order, which had declared the acquisition proceedings to have lapsed in terms of Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013.
The Supreme Court, while deciding a civil appeal, has (on May 13) expressed its disappointment at the Patna High Court's approach, inter alia, for not questioning the State as to why it did not pay compensation to the appellant for forty-two years after acquiring his land.
The land acquisition process for national highway (NH) construction and to reduce unnecessary expenses, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has proposed a series of amendments to the National Highways Act, 1956. One of the key amendments is the introduction of a new clause in Section 3D, which deals with the declaration of land acquisition by the central government. Under this proposed clause, land that has been acquired but remains unused for five years or where a highway project becomes unfeasible within the same time frame will be eligible to be returned to the original owner or their legal heirs. This move is expected to not only prevent the accumulation of surplus land but also save government resources by returning unused land back to its rightful owners, who will be compensated for any damage cause
The Mizoram state legislative assembly has unanimously approved the adoption of ‘Right to fair compensation and transparency in land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement,Act 2013.’ The decision follows Gauhati High Court’s ruling that rendered the state’s own acquisition law enacted in 2016, inapplicable. With several pending land acquisition cases the state needed a valid legal framework. Due to special constitutional provisions under Article 371G, central laws related to land ownership and transfer require formal resolution from the state for implementation in Mizoram.
The Supreme Court of India has delivered a landmark judgment on land acquisition, ruling that no landowner can be evicted from their property if compensation is delayed. This decision has been widely hailed as a historic win for landowners, reinforcing the importance of property rights and fair compensation in India.
The Madras High Court has set aside a notice issued by Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL) to acquire property belonging to United India Insurance for the construction of a metro station under Phase-II of the project. The court ruled that CMRL could proceed with its original plan of acquiring land from a nearby temple instead. Justice Anand Venkatesh, borrowing from a Kerala High Court judgment, remarked that the Almighty would show kindness and benevolence toward the development of the metro station, benefiting lakhs of people
The Telangana High Court has suspended part of a Notification, issued to acquire land for setting up a Multiple purpose Industrial Park in Vikharabad District after certain land owners moved the court contending that the study for Determination of Social Impact and Public Purpose under the Land Acquisition Act could not be dispensed with.
The Bombay High Court has cancelled the land acquisition process for the Navi Mumbai international airport project, citing procedural irregularities and non-compliance with mandatory legal provisions.
The ambitious Ahilya Path project, covering approximately 3,000 acres of land, is awaiting final approval from the state government. Three months ago, the Indore Development Authority (IDA) proposed five major land development projects under this initiative, but the approval process was stalled, with no updates from Bhopal on clearance or modifications. With just two to three months left before the official deadline, there is mounting concern growing over the delay. These five projects, once approved, will pave the way for a 15 kilometre long and 75 metre wide Ahilya Path.
Civil Judge Senior Division Kishtwar, Mahmud Anwar Alnasir has restrained Commissioner Secretary, J&K PW(R&B) Department and six other defendants, including DC Kishtwar and ADC Collector Land Acquisition Kishtwar, through a temporary injunction, from going ahead with any kind of construction or activity in a suit property in Moza Loundri of tehsil Drabshalla, without following due process of law. The Civil Judge has ordered the defendants to follow due process of law as envisaged in the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013.
The Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) has formed nine separate teams to acquire approximately 1,800 acres of land needed for laying a 52-km Peripheral Ring Road (PRR) connecting Hosur Road and Mysore Road through Bannerghatta and Kanakapura.
The proposed road – which will run parallel to the NICE corridor while maintaining a minimum distance of about 4 km – is expected to form a complete ring around the city, as it will connect the 74-km Bengaluru Business Corridor (BBC). Notably, the BDA in its board meeting in October 2011 had cancelled the project. The authority, however, appointed nine KAS officers as Special Land Acquisition Officers (SLOs), with the responsibility of acquiring land spread across 53 villages in Kengeri, Begur, Yeshwantpur, Dasanapura, Jigani and Uttarahalli hoblis. The proposed road falls under the jurisdiction of Bengaluru South, Anekal, and Bengaluru North taluks.
In a written reply to the Rajya Sabha, the Minister of State for New and Renewable Energy said 18 solar parks have been developed in the country as of December 31, 2024. "The major challenges for development of solar parks are acquisition of large tracts of land and timely development of transmission systems. Land being a state subject, the land-related challenges are taken up with the state governments," he said.
The states have also been requested to identify suitable government land for the installation of renewable energy (RE) projects.
Four persons have been arrested for allegedly misappropriating Rs 74.5 lakh compensation meant for 10 tribals whose lands have been acquired for the Mumbai-Vadodara highway in Maharashtra’s Thane district. A fraud case has been filed at the Badlapur Kulgaon police station against seven individuals, with four currently in custody and three being pursued.
The Kerala state government has formally strengthened the framework for negotiated land purchases, allowing land owners to sell their property voluntarily to the government through negotiations under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, for public purposes.
This raises concern about whether this shift towards negotiated purchase which bypasses key procedures of RFCTLARR 2013 Act (such as social impact assessments and public hearings), adequately protects the rights of affected people and ensures fair compensation, as well as proper assessment of project’s impact. Earlier such deals were rare due to absence of strong legal framework and substantial compensation ensured by the LARR Act, which ensured landowners don’t feel shortchanged. Unlike the conventional LARR process, this policy allows direct agreements between the govt and landowners. The new system aims to expedite public infrastructure projects while offering landowners an alternative that avoids bureaucratic hurdles.
The Supreme Court has taken exception to the Karnataka High Court's division bench allowing the Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) to go ahead with acquisition of land of an aggrieved landowner in Arkavathy layout, without giving him an opportunity to contest the claim by the land development agency.
Holding it as violation of principles of natural justice, a bench of Justices B R Gavai and K Vinod Chandran set aside the High Court's division bench order of September 27, 2019 which allowed the BDA to acquire the particular land.
The Andhra Pradesh government has released details on the acquisition of 99.8 acres of land for the Visakhapatnam Metro Rail Project.Of this, almost nine acres are in private hands, and the rest is owned by different central and state government departments and institutions. A committee has been formed by Visakhapatnam district authorities to determine the exact land parcels needed for the project.
The principal bench of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) has directed the Punjab state authorities to make all possible efforts to acquire land for ensuring compliance with plantation guidelines for the Sirhind-Patiala road widening project. The tribunal has also asked the state and other respondents to submit an affidavit explaining why land cannot be acquired for compensatory afforestation within a 10-km radius of the project site.
According to the petitioners, despite acquiring forest land and commencing tree felling for the widening of the Sirhind-Patiala Road, the Public Works Department (PWD) and Forest Department have failed to make provisions for mandatory plantation within the prescribed limits. The state allegedly plans to carry out compensatory afforestation in Ropar and Hoshiarpur—80 km and 120 km away from the project site—rather than within the required 10-km range.
In a major step towards building a strong wall of national security, the Rajasthan High Court has approved the land acquisition for the proposed Forward Composite Aviation Base (FCAB) in Sriganganagar district.This decision has left local farmers worried about their livelihoods, as they may have to choose allied business or buy agricultural land somewhere else.
A single-judge Bench of Justice Dr Nupur Bhati emphasised in its judgment that when it comes to national security, individual hardship must be weighed against public interest. The court outright rejected the petition filed by 58 farmers, calling it a “bundle of technical excuses.”
The Karnataka High Court recently quashed the acquisition of a one-acre land parcel in Bengaluru South’s Thalaghattapura, originally acquired 17 years ago for the Bengaluru-Mysore Infrastructure Corridor Project (BMICP). The order was passed by a single-judge bench of Justice KS Hemalekha on December 5 and made public. Before the bench, Reddy’s counsel argued that the acquisition proceedings had become “non est” (no longer valid) since the acquisition award had not been passed for so many years. He also argued that while no steps had been taken to wrap up these proceedings, the actual possession of the land continued with Reddy.
The bench took note of the delay on the side of the acquisition process, stating, ” No award has been passed for more than 17 years after the final notification. The respondents have not offered any acceptable explanation. ……such extraordinary dormancy defeats the statute and vitiates the acquisition. There is considerable force in the submission of the learned senior counsel for the petitioner that the impugned acquisition cannot survive in light of the consistent judicial pronouncement of this Court and the Apex Court regarding inordinate delay….”
The Meghalaya High Court has directed the state government to expedite the land acquisition process for the proposed expansion for the Shillong airport, highlighting the need for timely action to boost regional connectivity and economic growth.
The court noted that delays in completing acquisition procedures and paying compensation to landowners were slowing down the project. It asked authorities to fast track pending payments, clear administrative hurdles, and set a clear timeline for completion.
With several large scale infrastructure and development projects underway across Maharashtra, the state government is exploring the creation of a dedicated corporation to provide uniform benefits and rehabilitation support to families affected by land acquisition. The proposal gained traction after a meeting chaired by the Chief Minister to review land acquisition for the Purandar airport and set up a separate corporation for exclusively project affected persons.
Speaking on the occasion, CM Fadnavis said the government is considering setting up such a corporation not only for Pune district but for the entire state. Once operational, the project corporation would ensure that benefits under various government schemes reach all project affected families in a structured and consistent manner.
Allahabad High Court has held the highest officer in govt liable for contempt proceedings against him/her if a writ court order was not complied with due to confusion in administrative machinery.
Rajasthan HC's principal seat in Jodhpur has dismissed petitions by farmers and landowners opposing land acquisition for a new airbase along the India-Pakistan border in Sriganganagar.
Upholding the land acquisition for the Forward Composite Aviation Base, Justice Nupur Bhati said in a judgement on Dec 18 that in projects related to national security, public interest outweighs individual interests.
Railway authorities are facing opposition from farmers in several villages along the proposed Amaravati rail line for acquisition of land through the RFCTLARR 2013 Act. The farmers are arguing that acquiring fertile agricultural land under the Act would cause irreversible livelihood losses and are demanding the implementation of land pooling scheme (LPS) for land acquisition for the project in the area.
According to officials, the proposed rail alignment passes through multiple villages. Expressing their anguish, the farmers alleged that they were taken by surprise when survey notices were issued for land acquisition, even as consultations with affected landowners remained inadequate. Many contend that while infrastructure development is necessary, it should not come at the cost of farmers' rights and long-term economic security.
Uttar Pradesh chief minister Yogi Adityanath has directed officials to revise and increase land acquisition rates in Noida and Greater Noida, responding to sustained demands from farmers whose land has been earmarked for planned development.Currently, land rates fixed by the government in Gautam Budh Nagar stand at ₹5,100 per square metre (sqm) in Noida, ₹4,100 per sqm in Greater Noida, and ₹4,300 per sqm in Yamuna City.
Officials said the compensation matrix in the twin industrial towns has not been revised for a long period, triggering growing resistance from farmers who argue that the notified rates no longer reflect market realities. According to sources, the government may revise rates to ₹9,000 per sqm in Noida and ₹7,000 per sqm in Greater Noida. However, land rates for Yamuna City were revised in 2024 and a fresh hike is unlikely at this stage, officials added.
Madras high court has made it clear that, as per the provisions of the Tamil Nadu Highways Act, 2021, the 60-day limitation period prescribed for filing an objection by the landowner, whose property is acquired, should be calculated from the date on which they received the communication of the award fixed by the authorities and not from the date the decision.
The Karnataka government has issued a notification for the acquisition of lands for implementing the much-delayed Upper Krishna Project (UKP) Phase III, and the land acquisition process is expected to begin soon.A total of 1,33,867 acres would be acquired for increasing the height of the Almatti dam from 519.60 metres to 524.256 metres. Land would be acquired for submergence of land by raising the height of the dam as well for canal projects
In a relief to the West Bengal government, the Supreme Court on Monday ruled that land acquired for Tata Motors' 'Nano' car project in Singur will not be restored to the industrial entities which were operating there prior to the acquisition.
The Karnataka government on Monday launched the Unified Land Acquisition System (ULMS) Data Module, aimed at streamlining and digitising the land acquisition process across the State. Officials said the platform will bring greater transparency, efficiency, and accountability in land acquisition proposals and ongoing litigations.
Developed by the Centre for Smart Governance under the e-Governance Department. The system will serve as a common platform for multiple land-acquiring agencies, including Revenue, Irrigation, Urban Development, BDA, BMRDA, Metro, K-Ride, KSHIP, KIADB, KHB, and NHAI. It will provide a consolidated dashboard offering real-time updates on the status of land acquisition proposals.
Officials said the module will cover the full life cycle of acquisition — from proposal submission to award, compensation, and rehabilitation — in line with the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013. Integration with systems such as Bhoomi, e-Swathu, e-Aasthi, Kaveri 2.0, and Khajane II will ensure that authentic data is sourced directly from respective departments.
Revenue Minister Jagat Singh Negi on Tuesday tabled the Himachal Pradesh Tenancy and Land Reforms (Amendment) Bill, 2025, in the Assembly, seeking to ease restrictions on land acquisition for business, industry, real estate and cooperative ventures by proposing significant changes in Section 118 of the Himachal Pradesh Tenancy and Land Reforms Act, 1972.
The House is likely to discuss the amendments during the ongoing session. According to the draft proposal, the state government plans to simplify the rules framed under Section 118 to ease restrictions on land acquisition. Officials say the reforms aim to address long-standing difficulties faced by investors and enterprises in securing land for establishing projects in Himachal.
The Himachal Pradesh High Court has held that where the time gap between the sale deed relied upon and the issuance of the Section 4 notification under the Land Acquisition Act is only a few months, no cumulative rate of increase can be granted while determining the market value of the acquired land. The Court was hearing two regular first appeals arising out of an award of the Reference Court enhancing compensation for land acquired for the construction of the Kaithlighat–Basha road.
A Bench comprising Justice Sushil Kukreja dismissed the appeals filed by the landowners, holding that “in view of very small gap between the date of issuance of the notification and the date of execution of the sale deed, while assessing the market value of the land, no cumulative rate of increase can be granted.”
While considering the instant appeal wherein the appellant claimed that Gujarat High Court had erroneously held that the date for determination of market value of yet to be acquired, He-0-11-41 sq. meters land shall be 01-1-2014 i.e., the date of commencement of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (2013 Act); the Division Bench of Dipankar Datta and Manmohan*, JJ., opined that proviso to Section 26(1) of the 2013 Act lays down the methodology for computing the market value of the land on the date of the acquisition notification.
The use of the word “shall” in Section 26(1) proviso is reflective of the legislative mandate that Section 11 Notification is the date for determination of the compensation. The Court opined that the date of enactment of 2013 Act i.e. 01-1-2014 has no relevance to fresh acquisition initiated under the statute. The date of 01-1-2014 is relevant only if land acquisition proceedings had been initiated under the old Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and where no award had been made before the enforcement of the 2013 Act.
The Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court has held that there is no impediment to the State issuing a supplementary award for compensation relating to trees, super-structures, and machinery omitted in the original land acquisition award, and directed authorities to assess damages caused to a brick kiln due to highway widening.Underlining the rights of those affected by land acquisition.
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